Berkey Fluoride & Arsenic Reduction Elements
PF-2 reduction elements are designed for use in conjunction with Black Berkey water purification elements to adsorb Fluoride, Arsenic V and pre-oxidized Arsenic III, and other residual heavy metal ions.
PF-2 reduction elementsare designed for use in conjunction with Black Berkey water purification elements to adsorb the following unwanted elements found in drinking water.
- Fluoride
- Arsenic V and pre-oxidized Arsenic III
- Other residual heavy metal ions
Technical Information
Fluoride
Testing for fluoride was based on 20-30ppm of the ion in the influent aqueous solution at a flow rate of no more than 3 gpm per cubic foot of media. Results of < 1ppm of the fluoride ion in the effluent were typical for the media (>95% reduction). Under optimum conditions, effluent concentrations of less than 50 ppb were readily achieved (>99.75% reduction).
Arsenic
This product uniquely targets the entire family of arsenic oxide anions as well as the arsenic cations.
When to Replace
Under normal conditions it is recommended that each set of two PF-2 elements be replaced after 1,000 gallons The Royal Berkey system is about 3.25 gallons, therefore the PF-2 filters should be replaced after 1,000/3.25 or 307 refills. If the system is refilled about one time per day, the PF-2's should be replaced after 10 months, if the system is refilled about twice per day, the PF-2's should be replaced about every five months).
Actual capacity is dependent on the presence of other competing contaminants in the source water. High levels of Fluoride, arsenic and heavy metals may reduce the capacity and efficiency of the elements.
PF Filter Media
The media used in the PF-2 filter elements contains high-grade activated aluminum oxide, which currently is the most efficient media available for extracting fluoride from water. Below are the results we obtained when testing the PF-2 elements (the water was not pre-filtered through the Black Berkey elements. The reduction over time is due to additional residual process dust being washed free from the PF-2 elements as the system is used. To give a scale for comparison purposes we include test results from a national brand toothpaste and water boiled in an aluminum pan.
- National brand toothpaste 52.878 ppm aluminum.
- Water boiled in an aluminum pan for five minutes: 2.791 ppm aluminum.
- PF2 after conditioning (5 cycles): .178 ppm aluminum
- PF2 after 10 Cycles: .037 ppm aluminum
- PF2 after 20 Cycles: .029 ppm aluminum
While the above results indicate that the residual process dust adds a minute amount of aluminum to the water, the Black Berkey® purification elements reduce aluminum from the water. We tested water that naturally contained .320ppm aluminum and filtered it through the combination of the Black Berkey and the post conditioned PF-2 filtration elements (5 cycles). The results showed a net reduction in aluminum contamination (Raw influent: .320ppm - Effluent after passing through the Black Berkey and PF-2 elements: .232ppm). In other words the Black Berkey elements removed more aluminum from the water than was added by the PF-2 elements.
PF Notes
- Do not boil this element.
- PF-2 elements reduce filtration flow rate by 15-20%.
